Umbusi waseCalifornia uJerry Brown

Evikini eledlule,Umbusi waseCalifornia uJeurry Brown usayine uMthethosivivinywa Womhlangano 2998 (AB 2998) ibe ngumthetho, okwakamuva ochungechungeni lwemithetho yase-California egunyaza amazinga okuvutha ifenisha yendawo yokuhlala.Ukuze sikuqonde ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwalesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando sokulawula impilo yezemvelo, ake siqale sibuyekeze uchungechunge lwemithetho eyandulelayo ephathelene nokusetshenziswa kokungasebenzisi amalangabi kugwebu lwefenisha.

Iphuma nendala - TB 117

I-California Technical Bulletin 117 (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi i-TB 117) yasungulwa ngo-1975 ukuze kumiswe izidingo zokuvutha zefenisha yendawo yokuhlala.Nakuba i-TB 117 ngokobuchwepheshe bekuwumthetho wesifunda sase-California kuphela, izinkampani zefenisha zahlela izinqubo zazo zokukhiqiza ezweni lonke ukuze zithobelane ne-TB 117, yingakho umthetho uba indinganiso yokuvutha yase-United States yefenisha yendawo yokuhlala.I-TB 117 yagunyaza ukuthi ifenisha yendawo yokuhlala kufanele ihambisane nokuhlolwa okuthile kokuvutha, ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwelangabi elivulekile lemizuzwana engu-12 legwebu lefenisha yangaphakathi.1 Abakhiqizi ngokuvamile bayanelisa le mfuneko ngokusebenzisa igwebu eliphekwe elangabi elikhiqizwe endaweni yokwenyusa amalangabi,1 futhi bengaqondile. ukwethula amakhemikhali avimbela amalangabi ezindlini zabathengi.

Ngo-2013, i-TB 117 yachitshiyelwa ngenxa yokuqonda okwandayo mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo ehambisana nokuchayeka kade kwelangabi kanye nendlela imililo yasekhaya evame ukuqala futhi isakazeke ngayo.Indikimba yocwaningo lwesayensi yayiqongelele eminyakeni engama-38 selokhu kwaphasiswa i-TB 117, okubonisa ukuchayeka okusabalele kanye nezingozi zezempilo ezingaba khona ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinqamuleli zomlilo egwegweni lefenisha yokuhlala.Okubili okutholakele okubalulekile okuhlobene ne-TB 117 ukuthi imiphumela yezempilo engase ibe khona ehambisana nokuchayeka okungapheli komlilo ovuthayo ibalulekile, futhi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezinqamuleli zomlilo kufenisha yokuhlala kungasebenzi ekuvimbeleni nasekunciphiseni ubukhulu bomlilo wezindlu.2

Izibuyekezo ku-TB 117-2013 zibonisa ukuqonda ukuthi imililo yasendlini ivamise ukuqala lapho indwangu yangaphandle ivutha (isb, kugwayi oshunqayo)1 kunokuba igwebu lefenisha langaphakathi livuthe umlilo.Ngakho-ke, umthetho washintshwa ukuze ungene esikhundleni se-

imizuzwana engu-12 yokuhlolwa kwelangabi elivuliwe kugwebu langaphakathi elinokuhlolwa kwentuthu engutsheni yangaphandle yesiqephu.3

Abanye baye bayigxeka i-TB 117-2013, bathi nakuba iyintuthuko, izidingo zokuvutha kwefenisha kufanele zivikele impilo yabathengi kanye nemvelo. ukwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivimbela amalangabi ezindlini zokuhlala zasendlini.5

Uphakathi nokusha?Umbusi usayina i-AB 2998

I-California State Capitol Building

I-AB 2998 esanda kuphasiswa idlula i-TB 117-2013 ngoba ihlose ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kwasekhaya kumakhemikhali avimbela amalangabi avela emikhiqizweni yabathengi.Njengamanje umthetho oqine kakhulu e-United States wokulawula ukuchayeka kwe-flame retardant.Icaphuna ukuthola kweSifundazwe SaseCalifornia ukuthi “amakhemikhali avimbela amalangabi awadingeki ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuphepha emlilweni,” i-6 Assembly Bill 2998 ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kokunciphisa ilangabi emikhiqizweni yabathengi ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

-Yenqabela ukudayiswa nokusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo emisha yentsha, omatilasi, kanye nefenisha ekhulisiwe equkethe amakhemikhali abamba amalangabi ezingeni elilinganiselwa ku-1,000 wezigidigidi

-Yenqabela ama-upholsterers ekulungiseni, ekubuyiseleni, ekubuyiseleni, noma ekuvuseleleni ifenisha ekhushuliwe kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezishintshayo eziqukethe amakhemikhali athile avimbela ilangabi kumazinga angaphezu kuka-1,000 ppm.6

Imikhawulo Emisha Kuma-Flame Retardants Inomthelela Kazwelonke

Ngokuphawulekayo, kungokokuqala ngqa lapho umthetho wase-California ubeke imikhawulo ephezulu ezithasiselweni ezingadambi ilangabi zefenisha yokuhlala.I-AB 2998 iphinde iqinise ulimi lwe-TB 117-2013, olunqabela ngokuphelele izithasiselo ezivimbela ilangabi emikhakheni engu-18 ehlukene yemikhiqizo yezingane.Icaphuna idokhumenti yokuqondisa yeKhomishana Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi yase-United States yango-2017 ekhuthaza ukuthi kuqedwe izithasiselo ze-organohalogen flame retardant emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yabathengi, 7 AB 2998 kungesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile ekulawuleni izithasiselo ezingabambi ilangabi kwifenisha yokuhlala.

Nge-AB 2998, i-California isungule inqubomgomo yokulawula ehamba phambili yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-flame retardant emikhiqizweni yabathengi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvezwe abantu.Uma kubhekwa ukuthi abathengi baseCalifornia bahlanganisa u-11.1% wase-United States ngefenisha yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokudayiswa kwezingubo zokulala,8 imiphumela ye-AB 2998 izofinyelela kude.Okusazobonakala wukuthi izwe lonke lizolandela yini lesi simo.

-Madeleine Valier References:

.California Bureau of Electronic and Appliance Repair, Home Furnishings kanye Thermal Insulation.Ibhulethi Yezobuchwepheshe 117: Ishidi Elijwayelekile Lefenisha Efakwe Upholstered Yendawo yokuhlala.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/industry/tb_117_faq_sheet.pdf).

.Babrauskas, V., Blum, A., Daley, R., and Birnbaum, L. Flame Retardants in Furniture Foam: Izinzuzo Nengozi.(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper. pdf).

.I-California Bureau of Electronic and Appliance Repair, Impahla Yasekhaya kanye

I-Thermal Insulation.I-Technical Bulletin 117-2013.2013 Juni.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/about_us/tb117_2013.pdf).

.INational Resource Defence Council.Amakhemikhali Anobuthi Angabuthi Amalangabi Anawo

Ngaphezulu.2018 Ephreli 26.

(https://www.nrdc.org/experts/avinash-kar/toxic-flame-retardant-chemicals-have-gotta-go)

.I-Green Science Policy Institute.Umthetho omusha we-California TB117-2013:

Kusho ukuthini?2014 Feb 11.

(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/TB117-2013_manufacturers_ 021114.pdf).

.California General Assembly.I-AB-2998 Imikhiqizo yabathengi: izinto ezivimbela amalangabi.29 Septhemba 2018.

(https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2998).

.Ikhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi yase-US.Idokhumenti Yesiqondiso Esithasiselweni Esiyingozi, Ama-Organohalogen Ama-Flame Retardants Angeyona I-Polymeric Kweminye Imikhiqizo Yabathengi.Irejista yeFederal.2017 Sept 28. 82(187):45268-45269.(https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-09-28/pdf/2017-20733.pdf)

.Statista.Ukuthengiswa kwefenisha nezingubo zokulala e-United States kusuka ngo-2014 kuya ku-2020, ngo

isimo (ngesigidi samadola ase-US.) Kufinyelelwe kokuthi: https://www.statista.com/statistics/512341/us-furniture-and-bedding-sales-by-state/.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2018