Irhuluneli yaseCalifornia uJerry Brown
Kwiveki ephelile,Irhuluneli yaseCalifornia uJeurry Brown utyikitye uMthetho osayilwayo weNdibano 2998 (AB 2998) ibe ngumthetho, yamva nje kuthotho lwemithetho yaseCalifornia egunyazisa imigangatho enokutsha yefenitshala exhonyiweyo yokuhlala.Ukuze sikuqonde ngokupheleleyo ukubaluleka kwesi siganeko sibalulekileyo solawulo lwempilo yendalo esingqongileyo, masiqale sihlole uthotho lwemithetho eyandulelayo ephathelele ekufakweni komlilo ongasebenziyo kugwebu lwefenitshala.
Iphumile nendala-TB 117
Ngo-2013, i-TB 117 yalungiswa ngenxa yokwanda kokuqonda malunga neempembelelo zempilo ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwedangatye kunye nendlela imililo yasekhaya eqala ngayo kwaye isasazeka ngayo.Iqela elikhulu lophando lwezenzululwazi liye laqokelelana kwiminyaka engama-38 ukusukela oko kwapasiswa i-TB 117, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba sesichengeni okuxhaphakileyo kunye nemingcipheko yempilo enokubakhona ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweento ezithintela amadangatye kugwebu lwefenitshala yokuhlala.Iziphumo ezibini eziphambili ezinxulumene ne-TB 117 kukuba imiphumo yempilo enokubakho ehambelana nokubonakaliswa kwe-flame retardant engapheliyo ibalulekile, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwee-flame retardants kwifenitshala yokuhlala akusebenzi ekukhuseleni nasekunciphiseni ubunzima bomlilo wendlu.2
Uhlaziyo lwe-TB 117-2013 lubonisa ingqiqo yokuba imililo yasekhaya idla ngokuqala xa ilaphu langaphandle litshisa umlilo (umzekelo, kwicuba eliqhumayo)1 endaweni yokuba ugwebu lwefenitshala yangaphakathi luvuthe umlilo.Ngaloo ndlela, umgaqo watshintshwa ukuze ungene endaweni ye
Imizuzwana eli-12 yovavanyo lwedangatye elivulekileyo kugwebu lwangaphakathi kunye novavanyo lokutshisa kwilaphu langaphandle lesiqhekeza.3
Abanye baye bayigxeka i-TB 117-2013, besithi nangona iluphuculo, iimfuno zokutsha kwefenitshala kufuneka zikhusele ngakumbi impilo yabathengi kunye nokusingqongileyo. ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwento ethintela amadangatye kwifanitshala yokuhlala exhotyisiweyo.5
Ngeentsha?Irhuluneli isayina i-AB 2998
California State Capitol Building
I-AB 2998 esandula kupasiswa idlula ngaphaya kwe-TB 117-2013 kuba ijolise ekunciphiseni ukuchanabeka kwekhaya kwiikhemikhali ezibuyiswa ngumlilo ezivela kwiimveliso zabathengi.Ngoku ngowona mthetho ungqongqo e-United States wokulawula ukuvezwa kwedangatye lokuhlala.Ukucaphula ukufumanisa kweLizwe laseCalifornia ukuba "imichiza ebuyisela amadangatye ayidingeki ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lomlilo," i-6 Assembly Bill 2998 inqanda ukusetyenziswa kwe-flame retardant kwiimveliso zabathengi ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
-Ukuthintela ukuthengiswa kunye nokuhanjiswa kweemveliso ezintsha zolutsha, oomatrasi, kunye nefenitshala exhotyisiweyo equlethe iikhemikhali ezibuyisela umlilo kumanqanaba amalunga ne-1,000 kwisigidi ngasinye.
-Ukuthintela upholsterers ekulungiseni, ekubuyiseleni, ekubuyiseleni, okanye ekuhlaziyweni kwefenitshala exhotyisiweyo kusetyenziswa amacandelo okutshintshwa aqulethe iikhemikhali ezikhankanyiweyo ezibuyisela umlilo kumanqanaba angaphezu kwe-1,000 ppm.6
Imida emitsha kwiFlame Retardants inempembelelo yeSizwe
Ngokucacileyo, eli sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba umthetho waseCarlifonia ubeke imida ephezulu kwizongezo ezibuyisela idangatye kwifanitshala yokuhlala.I-AB 2998 ikwabethelela ulwimi lwe-TB 117-2013, oluthintela ngokupheleleyo izongezo ze-flame retardant kwiindidi ezili-18 ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zolutsha.Ukucaphula i-2017 ye-United States yeKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi uxwebhu lwesikhokelo esikhuthaza ukupheliswa kwezongezo ze-organohalogen flame retardant kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zabathengi, i-7 AB 2998 lelinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo kulawulo lwezongezo ze-flame retardant kwifenitshala yokuhlala.
Nge-AB 2998, iCalifornia iseke umgaqo-nkqubo okhokelayo wokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwedangatye kwimveliso yabathengi kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuvezwa komntu.Ngenxa yokuba abathengi baseCalifornian babandakanya i-11.1% ye-United States ngefanitshala yomntu ngamnye kunye nentengiso yeebhedi, 8 iziphumo ze-AB 2998 ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kufikelela kude.Okushiyekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ilizwe liphela liza kulandela na.
-Madeleine Valier References:
.I-California Bureau ye-Electronic kunye noLungiso lweZixhobo, iFanitshala zaseKhaya kunye neThermal Insulation.IBulletin yobuGcisa 117: Iphepha leNgcaciso yeFanitshala ePhathiweyo kwiNdawo yokuhlala.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/industry/tb_117_faq_sheet.pdf).
.Babrauskas, V., Blum, A., Daley, R., kunye neBirnbaum, L. I-Flame Retardants kwi-Furniture Foam: Izibonelelo kunye noMngcipheko.(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper. pdf).
.I-California Bureau ye-Electronic kunye noLungiso lweZixhobo, iFanitshala zaseKhaya kunye
I-Thermal Insulation.IBulletin yobuGcisa 117-2013.2013 Juni.(https://www.bearhfti.ca.gov/about_us/tb117_2013.pdf).
.IBhunga leSizwe loKhuselo lweZibonelelo.Iikhemikhali ezinetyhefu eziRetardant zomlilo zine
Kufuneke ukuhamba.2018 Epreli 26.
(https://www.nrdc.org/experts/avinash-kar/toxic-flame-retardant-chemicals-have-gotta-go)
.Green Science Policy Institute.Ummiselo omtsha waseCalifornia TB117-2013:
Ingaba ithetha ntoni?2014 Feb 11.
(http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/TB117-2013_manufacturers_ 021114.pdf).
.I-California General Assembly.Iimveliso ze-AB-2998 Consumer: izinto ezinqanda amadangatye.29 Septemba 2018.
(https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2998).
.IKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoMthengi wase-US.Uxwebhu lweSikhokelo kwi-Hazardous Additive, i-Non-Polymeric Organohalogen i-Flame Retardants kwiiMveliso ezithile zabaThengi.Irejista ye-Federal.2017 Septemba 28. 82 (187): 45268-45269.(https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-09-28/pdf/2017-20733.pdf)
.Statista.Ifanitshala kunye neentengiso zokulala eUnited States ukusuka 2014 ukuya 2020, ngo
karhulumente (ngesigidi seedola zaseMelika.) Ifikeleleke apha: https://www.statista.com/statistics/512341/us-furniture-and-bedding-sales-by-state/.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-03-2018